My Last First Month

My Last First Month Thoughts on September: Me, now that its October: It feels weird to be a senior. It feels weird to be a senior while excited freshmen are just beginning their MIT journey and everyone is asking what are your plans for next year??? and I internally scream I DONT KNOW but manage to smile and say um, maybe taking a gap year before applying to grad school or possibly working if I find a cool company who wants to hire me. A whole month of school has already passed, people suited up for the Fall Career Fair and are interviewing with companies, classes are settling into a rhythm, the pumpkin takeover is underway, and I am nowhere closer to having an answer. This Monday I put on a nice sweater and got my photo taken for the yearbook. For my senior quote, I submitted: ¯\_(?)_/ ¯ I hope they publish it. These days, I spend about half my time off MIT campus and am only 3 units above the credit cutoff to be considered a full-time student. Im busy, but also happier than Ive been in a while. Sometimes Im afraid that Im not MIT enough to blog anymore, because Ive spent the last year extracting myself from student clubs and responsibilities so that I have the energy to dip my toes into this mysterious Real World. I also know that its a silly excuse. And that what Im more worried about is letting my whirlwind of stressful thoughts spill over into blogs and vlogs. So, this is a warmup post, a mixture of self-aware rambling and MIT things to exercise my Internet writing muscles. Heres what Im doing this semester: CLASSES 7.30AB Fundamentals of Ecology i.e. everything Ive ever wanted in a biology class here, focusing on how organisms relate to each other and their environment instead of laboring over details about cellular/molecular processes. While I understand the value of learning about all the biochemical mechanisms that keep us alive, especially when it comes to medicine/research/etc., its no longer my cup of tea. Also we get to grow microorganisms in mud and water from the Charles River â€" how cool is that? CMS.307 Critical Worldbuilding i.e. Junot Diaz reveals the lifeblood of stories and gives us the tools and vocabulary to dissect them ourselves. Weve only had a month of class and it feels vaguely like Ive emerged from The Matrix. My perspective on storytelling has been so radically honed in the past year (first by comic book writing, now by this) and Im able to look at media through a more thoughtful/critical/informed lens. Several friends (and bloggers) have said this is one of the best classes theyve taken at MIT. Theyre not wrong. 21M.851 Drawing for Designers i.e. figure drawing for free (as opposed to the Student Art Association classes which, while appealing, are too expensive for me to justify registering) with a fantastic costume designer as a teacher. I dont know if its offered regularly, but its welcoming of students of every skill level â€" from people who have taken many art classes to those who have never touched a charcoal stick before. Art is taken seriously, and I can feel my observation/drawing skills improving every week.     7.20 Human Physiology i.e. the first time Ive dropped a class at MIT because 1) the amount of information presented (both in lecture and in pages upon pages of practice questions) was overwhelming, 2) that information was deeply uninteresting to me (I think this was the straw that broke the camels back of MIT molecular/cellular biology classes for me), and 3) I fear I might be doing too much this semester and dropping this class made me feel relieved instead of guilty (which is weird for me because guilt is a default emotional reaction). JOBS MITx Biology UROP i.e. continuing to work with the wonderful MITx Biology team (who taught my summer class a year ago) on Part 2 of 7.28x, MITs Molecular Biology Massive Open Online Course or MOOC. Ive talked about my work a little bit in a vlog, although not with too much detail. Right now, Im helping record/animate/produce Deep Dive videos on topics like Reaction Rates and Protein Motifs to supplement the lecture videos. Figuring out how to teach molecular biology is, for some reason, far more interesting than just learning it. NOVA Digital Team Internship i.e. on Wednesdays and Fridays I take a bus to the WGBH (PBS) offices and work on episodes of Gross Science (you can even see me in the credits in a couple videos) and short-form videos for the NOVA website. Its the closest thing Ive had to a Real Job where I have an ID card and my own cubicle with a computer and a not-horrible commute. Plus everyones been incredibly welcoming despite me being the youngest person there.   Monstress Internship i.e. Marjorie Liu (my professor from comic book writing last Fall) is releasing a new comic called Monstress (the first issue comes out November 4th) and she invited me to help out! My tasks range from research to brainstorming promotion ideas to administrative stuff, and Ive been learning so much about the comic publishing process and getting sneak peeks along the way. Shes amazing, the story and art and lettering are incredible, and everyone should definitely read the series. MIT+K12 Videos i.e. even though Im not technically a Multimedia Fellow anymore, Ill still help Elizabeth out this semester with little projects like #askMIT videos once in a while. I love the style of videos she produces, so getting to play around with hosting or editing or PA-ing or animating is always fun. OTHER THINGS Kickboxing PE i.e. I have way too many PE credits but need to be motivated to exercise, and 3 friends are in the class with me. Mostly we just jump and punch and kick and laugh a lot, so its a pretty swell break on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons. MedLinks i.e. even though I dont want to do anything medicine-related with my life, I enjoy being able to help people out with bits of medical advice and first aid supplies. I was the Residential Director for MacGregor last year, but realized how much I dislike scheduling meetings and planning dorm-wide events. Just helping is so much better. So, mostly Im trying to figure out how to put my voice into everything I do, whether its videos or art or writing or physically talking (where I am most prone to mumbling and second-guessing my thoughts). For many years I focused on everything but myself, like school or other people or how to chameleon in various social situations. I have a lot of work ahead of me. But things are good, I think.

Natural Sustainability Housing - Free Essay Example

Problem Specification If everyone on the planet were to consume natural resources and generate carbon dioxide at the rate we do in the UK, we would need three planets to support us. Sustainability is becoming a central concern for all of us. It is a concern that has grown out of wider recognition that rising populations and economic development are threatening a progressive degradation of the earths resources. The construction, maintenance and use of housing impacts substantially on our environment and is currently contributing significantly to irreversible changes in the worlds climate, atmosphere and ecosystem. Housing is by far the greatest producers of harmful gases such as CO2 and this eco-footprint can only increase with the large population growth predicted to occur by 2050. What sustainability means is adapting the ways we all live and work towards meeting needs, while minimising the impacts of consumption, providing for people of today and not endangering the generations of tomorrow. A Government report on the economic impact of climate change has criticized the training and organisation of the construction industry. The Stern Report, by Sir Nichols Stern, the World Banks former chief economist, says the lack of co-ordination between elements of the industry creates poor quality, energy-inefficient housing. It says architects and other consultants require more traini ng on the principles of sustainable design and efficient technologies, and that policies need to be put in place to inform decisions made at the design stage of a building. As a result of the report, the government has set legally binding targets of a 26 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 32 per cent reduction in CO2 emissions by the year 2020 and an independent body will be introduced to advise on and monitor the Governments policies on the subject. The drive for more sustainable development is one of the defining issues of the early 21st Century. It is often said that the costs of todays lifestyles are such that future generations will pay a high price through reduced environmental quality and living standards. However, it is also perceived that the short term costs of more sustainable practices are too high to justify their application in a competitive property market. Government plans for sustainable housing applies to both new builds and existing dwellings. The construction industry as a whole is responsible for finding new materials and building methods, and the Government is tasked with educating the general public on the sustainable features they can add to their homes to ensure sustainability. Despite substantial advances in best practice, there is a lag in the application of more sustainable solutions that improve building performance beyond that required by Building Regulations. There are many reasons for this, not least a lack of client/customer demand; however, one of the most cited is that more sustainable alternatives are prohibitively expensive. Typically, cost consultants can add a significant margin of as much as 10% to capital costs to allow for more sustainable solutions. (Cyril Sweett) Often the most powerful and direct driver for addressing sustainability is that the client, funder or planning authority has made it a key project requirement. In order to meet this requirement, everyone involved in a construction project must re-thin k their operations in areas such as energy, materials, waste and pollution. For the purposes of this essay, choosing, using, re-using and recycling materials during design, manufacture, construction and maintenance to reduce resource requirements and essentially lower the costs of a project. The design of a sustainable home and the materials used during construction are key factors in reducing CO2 emissions from transport and operational energy, reducing mains water consumption, reducing the impact of materials used, reducing pollutants harmful to the atmosphere and improving the indoor environment. It is claimed all of these can be done with an increase in capital costs of just 3% (John Shore). The aim of the essay, therefore, is to examine the need for sustainable construction and to identify the real costs of sustainable solutions and thereby tackling a key barrier to the industry in advancing the sustainability agenda. Literature review There are many articles, journals and reports that look into sustainable housing in the UK, many of which begin by explaining the extent of the problems global warming will bring and how the construction industry has contributed to this. It has been well documented in the national news on a regular basis. The Climate Change Bill, which was included in the 2006 Queens speech was the beginning to the Government acting upon the information they were being given which indicated a strong need for change sooner than later. This led to reports including Low Cost Homes: economical eco-options on the rise (Hall 2007) and articles such as Green construction costs dramatically lower than believed (World Business Council for Sustainable Development 2007). This article was produced on the back of findings from a survey conducted by the WBCSD that green construction costs were being overestimated by 300%. Respondents to a 1400 person estimated the additional cost of building green at 17 % above conventional construction; more than triple the true cost difference of about 5 %. At the same time, survey respondents put greenhouse gas emissions by building at 19% of world total, while the actual number of 40% is double this. As a reaction to the article on the report on the Euractiv website, the RICS has emphasized its Green Value study, which shows that while there are signs of an increasing market value of green housing, industry stakeholders still seem to be failing to get the message across that the main beneficiaries are the housing occupants. Halls report identified the issue of the Government insisting that all new homes in Britain must be carbon-neutral by 2016, putting pressure on developers to come up with good design that doesnt cost the earth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" financially or environmentally. Hall went on to say, at the moment, going green costs money and most private sector developers are reluctant to see beyond their profits. But eco-friendly i nnovation is coming from elsewhere à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" namely social housing. Costing Green: A Comprehensive Database (Matthiessen Morris) used extensive data on building costs to compare the cost of green housing with housing comparable programs, which do not have sustainable goals. The report concluded that many projects achieve sustainable design within their initial budget, or with very small supplemental funding, which suggests that home owners are finding ways to incorporate project goals and values, regardless of budget, by making choices. The Stern Report, published by Sir Nicholas Stern Head of head of the Government economic service and advisor to the Government on the economics of climate change and development is a report that suggests that global warming could shrink the global economy by 20%. The review coincides with the release of new data by the United Nations showing an upward trend in emission of greenhouse gases à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a development for whi ch Sir Nicholas said that rich countries must shoulder most of the responsibility. The study is the first major contribution to the global warming debate by an economist, rather than an environmental scientist. Prime Minister Gordon Brown, who commissioned the report, has also recruited former US Vice-President Al Gore as an environment advisor. However, the report has sparked furious debate among economists. An example of why the report has sparked such debates is; if the economy grows at current levels, the cost of mitigation will be less than Stern estimates à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" therefore we would be paying more to act now. It is said that we could save money by addressing the issues as and when they erupt. By forecasting how global warming is to affect the environment, Stern has set himself up for criticism such as this from the many people who fail to share his views and concerns. Gathering relevant information on the true costs of sustainable housing is not a probl em with so many government and independent studies/articles/journals being produced. This data can be compared against the price of housing without the sustainable goals which are found in construction pricing books such as Spons Architect and Builders Price Book (Davis Langdon). In comparing the prices the essay will either prove are falsify the hypothesis: sustainable construction can be attained with very little additional costs to that of construction without sustainable characteristics. For the purpose of this hypothesis, very little additional costs is defined as ranging from 0% 10% additional costs. Methodology Chapter 2 of this essay will be a review of the literature on sustainable construction in regards to the principles of sustainable construction, sustainable construction policies and practices in the UK and the economic benefits of sustainable construction. The results of this research show that the business benefits have been made and can be illustrated by many pioneer projects in the UK. However, the misperception of higher capital cost and the lack of awareness of market value are still significant barriers to the implement and demand for sustainable construction. It is critical, therefore, to establish the economic performance of sustainable construction in order to motivate stakeholders to consider methods of sustainable construction. This subject has been the attention of mass media in recent years meaning that existing literature such as numerous Government and independent reports as well as the Climate change Bill introduced to help prevent the situation we find our selves in environmentally from becoming worse, will be excellent sources of information to explain thoroughly why there is a need for change and what sustainable construction entails from a economic perspective. Chapter 3 will be researching the various sustainable construction materials and methods that are available to the industry. Each one of these will be looked at in detail to explain how they work, what exactly is involved with them and how they are deemed sustainable. Although they are still not widely used, there are plenty of companies offering sustainable building materials and construction services. A lot of these companies are available through online websites promoting sustainable construction and offering their services. These companies will be good ways of gathering the information needed in order to give a comprehensive review of the sustainable materials and methods that are available. Using the information gathered in chapter 3, this essay will then b e finding out the costs incurred when using these sustainable construction materials and building methods and comparing them against the non-eco-friendly methods that most contractors currently choose to incorporate. This information will make up chapter 4 and will ultimately go on to either verify or falsify the hypothesis: sustainable construction can be attained with very little additional costs to that of construction without sustainable characteristics. This structure has been carefully chosen to gain as much relevant information as possible and comparing two methods of construction against one another. In chapter 2, a review of existing literature will be used. Reasons for this are that the subject of sustainable construction and its financial factors have already been investigated and numerous authors have wrote their findings and ideas on the subject. These findings will be reviewed in order to pull out the relevant parts for this essay. Chapter 3 will consist of an in depth look into the types of sustainable materials and building methods that are available to the construction industry. This will take the form of a mix between a review of existing literature and a survey of the service providers views, feelings and attitudes towards sustainability. Chapter 4 will be a comparative analysis of sustainable building and material costs and the costs of materials and building methods without sustainable characteristics. The information found in chapter 3 will be the argument for sustainability. The argument for construction without sustainable characteristics will come from pricing books used throughout the industry. Once both sides costs have been discovered, they will be weighed up against each other which will verify or falsify the hypothesis. If sustainable construction can be provided with an extra cost of 5% or less, then the hypothesis will be verified. Introduction of Sustainable Construction In 1987, the Brundtland Report, also known as Our Common Future, alerted the world to the urgency of making progress toward economic development that could be sustained without depleting natural resources or harming the environment. It was headed by the Norwegian Prime Minister at the time, Gro Harlem Brundtland. The report was primarily concerned with securing a global equity, redistributing resources towards poorer nations whilst encouraging their economic growth. The report also suggested that equity, growth and environmental maintenance are simultaneously possible and that each country is capable of achieving its full economic potential whilst at the same time enhancing its resource base. The report also recognised that achieving this equity and sustainable growth would require technological and social change. The report went on to highlight three primary areas where sustainable development should come from, these were, protection of the environment, economic growth and social equity. It is imperative that our environment is protected and our resource base enhanced, by gradually making the necessary changes in which we develop technologies and put them to use. Developing nations must be allowed to meet their basic needs of employment, food, energy, water and sanitation. If this is to be done in a sustainable manner, then there is a definite need for a sustainable level of population. Economic growth should be revived and developing nations should be allowed a growth of equal quality to the developing nations. The Brundtland Report has often been subject to criticism, on the grounds that many of its forecasts have not come true. However, such criticisms are perhaps missing the significance of the report and the fact that despite inaccuracies in forecasting, the Brundtland Reports premise of the need for global environmental action has not been invalidated. Back in 1994, the first sustainable construction conference was held in Tam pa, USA. This conference is seen as the starting point for the whole eco-friendly building to become a global issue. The UK construction industry has so far used sustainable construction as a way to respond to the criticism that fell upon the industry, as it were seen to be one of the main contributors to greenhouse gases. There are numerous examples of housing in the UK that have been constructed with sustainable characteristics to help provide a healthier way of living for the occupier and constructing for the developer. However, these examples tend to be bespoke designs for clients who choose themselves to build and live in a sustainable home. The idea of sustainable developments is still yet to catch on in the UK. Perceived higher risks and extra costs are the main factors in this lack of incorporation into the industry. It is becoming clear that the whole concept of sustainable construction is going to face some barriers in regards to economic justification. Incurri ng higher risks and costs is not the only issue. The market value of sustainable construction is also not being considered by clients and developers. Zhou and Lowe (2003) said: The current economic measuring too (life cycle costing), is very effective at illustrating the long term value of sustainable construction, but at the same time is limited when showing the initial cost reduction. If those involved in the UK construction industry continue to be encouraged by short term financial gain as opposed to the consequences of their actions in the long run then the future does not look too bright for the sustainable construction idea. Hydes and Creech (2000) said, Sustainability is a holistic concept that holds economic social and environmental factors in balance, moreover it is a complex concept, which is hard to define in simple terms. This statement recognises that clients and developers should not only take their financial rewards into consideration, but also they shou ld consider the consequences the environment and our society is reportedly beginning to see. Pearce et al (1989) concluded that: There have been over 200 different definitions of sustainability, making it extremely difficult to determine practical ways to support sustainability. This statement could also outline the problem that the industry has still not come to an agreement on the actual definition of sustainability, therefore, making its inception into recognised practice unlikely, as people simply dont know or dont want to know what their role could be in reducing the problems of global warming. In July 2005, the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown announced that he had asked Sir Nicholas Stern to lead a major review of the economics of climate change, to understand more comprehensively the nature of the economic challenges and how they can be met, in the UK and globally. The main conclusion from the report were that 1% of global gross domestic product pe r annum was required to be invested in order to avoid the worst effects of climate change, and that failure to do so could risk global GDP being up to 20% lower than it otherwise might be. Sterns report suggested that climate change threatens to be the greatest and widest ranging market failure ever seen, and it provided prescriptions including environmental taxes to minimise the economic and social disruptions. Stern stated, Our actions over the coming few decades could create risks of major disruption to economic and social activity, later in this century and in the next, on a scale similar to those associated with the great wars and the economic depression of the first half of the 20th century. It was the findings in this report that prompted the UK Government to introduce the Climate Change Bill. It was introduced to: Combat climate change by setting annual targets for the reduction of carbon dioxide emission until 2050; to place duties on the Prime Minister regarding the reporting on and achievement of those targets; to specify procedures to be followed if the targets are not met; to specify certain functions of and provide certain powers to Members of Parliament with regard to ensuring carbon dioxide emission are reduced; to set sectoral reduction targets and targets for energy efficiency, the generation of energy from renewable sources, combined heat and power and micro-generation; and for connected purposes. This Bill was outlined in the Queens speech, and would also see the setting up of a Carbon Committee to ensure the targets are met. Announcing the Governments planned legislation for the forthcoming parliamentary session, the Queen told MPs and peers: My Government will publish a Bill on climate change as part of its policy to protect the environment, consistent with the need to secure long term energy supplies. The construction industry uses vast quantities of natural resources such as energy, water, materials and land, and p roduces large amounts of waste in the region of 70 million tonnes per annum to landfill. The Brundtland definition of sustainable development; Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs informs us that this cannot continue. There is a big difference between the environment impacts of a poorly performing building compared to what is achievable using current practice. If we are to deliver the legally binding targets set by the Government we must ensure that todays housing meet best practice (BREEAM). BREEAM is the worlds longest standing and most widely used environment assessment method for housing. It sets the standard for best practice in sustainable development and demonstrates a level of achievement. It has become the vocabulary used to describe a buildings environmental performance. The BRE Sustainable communitys team is involved with aiding local authorities, land owners and developer s to identify the relevant sustainable development opportunities available to help deliver sustainable communities. They work with them to provide assessment framework to guide the sustainable developments, and to allow developers to demonstrate the sustainability features of their proposals to the local planning authority. The benefits are said to be enormous, and cost effective. Developers can assess the sustainability of proposed designs iteratively, and understand its strengths and weaknesses. Expensive reworking is avoided by considering issues in the right stage of the design issues. The value in this approach for developers and land owners is that sustainability credentials are presented to both the local planning authority, and importantly to potential purchasers. Our homes account to some 27% of the UKs CO2 emissions and for this reason, in order to meet its targets for cutting carbon emissions by some 60% by 2050, the Government has announced that, as part of th e new Home Information Pack which all homes sold after June 1st 2007 must make available, every home should have an energy rating. The so called Energy Performance Certificate will give home buyers A to G ratings for their homes energy efficiency and carbon emissions. They will tell them current and average costs for heating, hot water and lighting in the home. This helps the Government meet the EU target for all homes having energy ratings by 2009. Changes to a currently constructed dwelling or additional features on a new build are always going to give an immediate impression of extra costs. And getting people to dig a little bit deeper into their pockets is always going to be a difficult task whatever the reason being, and the fact that the public are generally over pricing the cost of these new construction methods and features, increases the difficulty the Government have of achieving their targets. This chapter has looked into how and why sustainability has become such a big issue in recent years. The Brundtland report which is said to have started it all off was published over 20 years ago, outlined the potential problems that have begun to arise. And although a lot of what was said in the report did not happen, it cant be said that the potential environmental problems it predicted have not materialised. Chapter 3 will now go on to look at the sustainable construction methods and materials that are available to be implemented into the industries everyday life. Sustainable Construction Materials and Methods There is an urgent need to address the great challenges of our times: climate change, resource depletion, pollution, and peak oil. These issues are all accelerating rapidly, and all have strong links with the UK construction industry (SustainableBuild). There is a growing consensus from scientists and the oil industry that we are going to reach peak oil within the next twenty years, and that we might have reached this point already. Global demand is soaring, whilst global production is declining, and oil is set to become increasingly expensive and scarce. The building industry is hugely dependent on cheap oil, from the manufacture and transportation of its materials, to the machinery and tools used in demolition and construction. In the UK, it uses vast quantities of fossil fuels, accounting for over half of total carbon emissions that lead to climate change. The built environment is also responsible for significant amounts of air, soil and water pollution, and millions o f tonnes of landfill waste. This is a situation that clearly needs to change (SustainableBuild). Sustainable construction is not only a wise choice for our future; it is also a necessary choice. The construction industry must adopt eco-friendly practices and materials that reduce its impacts, before we reach a point of irreversible damage to our life supporting systems. The UK Government is beginning to recognise this urgency, and is committed to integrating green specifications into building regulations and codes, but the process of developing policy is slow. The industry needs to take its own initiative and find alternative ways to build, using green, renewable energy resources, and adopt non-polluting practices and materials that reduce, recycle and reuse, before it is too late (SustainableBuild). In the previous chapter, this essay examined current literature on sustainable construction in terms of the principles of sustainable construction, sustainable constructio n policies and practices in the UK and the economic benefits of sustainable construction. In this chapter it will now investigate the various sustainable construction materials and methods available to the industry ranging from very large complex items to small simple items. These are: Biomass roofing Solar Water and Electric Wind power Cob building Insulation materials Non-toxic paints Heat pump Green roofs Reclaimed materials Lime Using locally sourced materials Biomass roofing The use of plant materials to build the roof on a building is known as biomass roofing. Vegetation that was found locally and in abundance has been used to build roofs all over world for many years. This cultural and environmental diversity has led to a range of roofing materials and styles, from simple and short lived to the more durable and complex. Although hundreds of different plants have been used to roof houses, these can be classified into two main types: thatch and wood tiles. Thatch is one of the oldest forms of roofing, dating back thousands of years. It is found in almost every country, from savannah grasses in Africa to coconut palm fronds in the Caribbean to banana leaves in the Amazon. It was the predominant roofing material in Britain up until the 19th Century and thatched cottages remain a hallmark of the English Countryside. All sorts of plants have been used for thatching in Britain: oats, reeds, broom, heather, bracken and various grasses. But today o nly three main thatching materials are used: water reed, wheat reed and long straw. Water Reed is the most popular thatching material. Both water reed and wheat reed (actually a straw but cut with a binder and combed to give the appearance of reed) give a compact and even texture when applied to a roof. This is in contrast with long straw (wheat straw that has been threshed so that the ears and butts are mixed up together), which gives a shaggy, rounded appearance. The lifespan of thatch is around 30 to 50 years, although this varies widely depending on the skill of the thatcher, the pitch of the roof, the local climate conditions and the quality of the materials. The technique for thatching is basically the same for all materials. First the thatch is fastened together in bundles about 25 inches in diameter. Each bundle is then laid down with the butt end facing outwards, secured together to the roof beams, and pegged in place with wooden rods. Successive layers are adde d on top of each other, working from the bottom of the roof up towards the top, with a final layer used to reinforce the ridgeline. Thatch roofs can withstand high winds and heavy rains, provide good thermal insulation and are easy to repair. Thatch is light and needs only a simple support structure, and is flexible so it can be used for any roof shape. On the downside, thatching is labour intensive and a certain level of skill is required. The materials can be expensive as reeds are increasingly imported from Europe to keep up with demand. Like all biomass materials, thatch is flammable which means that building restrictions may apply and home insurance can be high. Wood tiles have been used since medieval times in Britain. They are traditionally made by hand-splitting logs into small wedge shaped pieces, but today most are manufactured by machine. There are two basic types: shingles, which are sawn, and shakes, which are split. Shakes are thicker and have a more rusti c, rough look, whilst shingles are thinner and smoother. Both come in a variety of lengths and are made from the heartwood of unseasoned wood. Hardwood is best, with cedar being the most popular, although any straight-grained wood can be used. Split bamboo can also be used to create Spanish-style tiles, and are popular in some countries, but bamboo has the disadvantage of decaying fast in wet conditions unless chemically treated. Wood tiles are laid from the bottom of the roof to the top, with each row overlapping the previous one. A cap is placed at the roof ridge. Typically tiles are nailed onto wood strips spaced a few inches apart between the roof beams, to allow air to circulate and prevent decay. Wood tiles last between 25 50 years. Like thatch, they give good insulation and are flexible so can cover any roof shape. They are highly resistant to wind, heavy snow and hail, but must be regularly cleaned of vegetative debris. They are also flammable, and building regul ations may prohibit their use in urban areas. The recognised need to use renewable resources has led to a revival of traditional, natural building methods, along with a growing market for biomass roofing. Thatch and wood tiles are not only aesthetically appealing, but are durable and biodegradable. But their sustainability value is diminished if the materials have been imported or produced and treated with chemicals. Biomass roofing is only a true sustainable solution if the materials are obtained from a local, renewable source, and are grown, harvested and manufactured in an environmentally sensitive way (SustainableBuild). Using the sun to provide energy is split into two areas, solar panels which are used for heating water, and PV cells, which are used for creating electricity. A heating system tends to cost around  £2,000 installed and can usually provide enough hot water all year round, the problem from a value point of view is that it only costs around   £100 a year to provide this anyway. PV cells create a more significant amount of electricity which may allow you to sell some of the energy you have created back to the grid. References Anke Val Haal, (1997) Sustainable Building, Vol. 3 Aye, L., Bamford, N., Charters, B. and Robinson, J., (2000) Environmentally sustainable development: a lifecycle costing approach for a commercial office building in Melbourne, Australia, Construction Management and Economics18, Taylor Francis Ltd., 927 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"934 Barlett, E. and Howard, H., (2000) Informing the decision makers on the cost and value of green building, Building Research Information28(5/6), Taylor Francis Ltd. London, 315 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"324 Bon, R. and Hutchinson, K., (2000) Sustainable construction: some economic challenges, Building Research Information28(5/6), Taylor Francis Ltd. London, 301- 304 BogenstÃÆ' ¤tter,U., (2000) Prediction and optimisation of life-cycle costs in early design, Building Research Information28(5/6), Taylor Francis Ltd. London, 376 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 386 Bordass, W., (2000) Cost and value: fact and fiction, Building Research Information28(5/6), Taylor Francis Ltd. London, 338-352 Bourdeau, L., et al (1998) Sustainable development and the future construction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a comparison of visions from various countries, CIB working commission w82 future study in construction CIB report 225 Carter, K., and Fortune, C., (2002) Sustainability: exploration in research approaches, proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of the Built and Human Environment, Salford, 472 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 483 Castillano, M., Hurley, P., and Dobrovolny, P., (2000), High Performance Building Delivers Results à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Communicating Productivity Benefits of Sustainable Building to Decision Makers in the Seattle Development Industry, Seattle City Light à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Sustainable Demand Project, USA. CIB (1999) Agenda 21 on sustainable construction, CIB report publication 237, CIB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Clife, M. and Bourke, K., (1998) Study on whole life costing, BRE Report Number, CR 366/98, CRC Londo n Cole, R.J., Editorial, (2000) Cost and Value in Building Green, Building Research Information, 28(5/6) 304 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 309 Cole, R. and Sterner, E., (2000) Reconciling theory and practice of life cycle costing, Building Research Information28(5/6), Taylor Francis Ltd. London, 368 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 375 Crossley, R., (2002), REPUTATION, RISK AND REWARD: The Business Case for Sustainability in the UK Property Sector, published by Sustainable Construction Task Group, BRE, UK DETR, (2000) Building a Better Quality of Life à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a strategy for More Sustainable Construction, UK Heerwagen, J., (2000) Green building, organisational success and occupant productivity, Building Research Information28(5/6), Taylor Francis Ltd. 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Do investors want sustainable building, the proceeding of The Cutting Edge 2000, Oxford Brookes University Kibert, C., (1994), Proceedings of the First International Conference on Sustainable Construction, Tampa, University of Florida, 6-9 November 1994 Langdon, D. (2008) Spons Architects and Builders Price Book 2008. 133rd Edition. London, Taylor and Francis Group. Miya take Y., (1996) Technology development and sustainable construction, Journal of Management in Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1996, 23-27 Pearce, D. et al (1989) Blueprint for a green economy, Earthscan, London Raftery, J., (1989), Building Economics an Introduction, Oxford, UK Shiers, D., (1999) The Appraisal of Green Housing in the UK commercial property sector, the proceeding of RICS Cutting Edge 1999, RICS. 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Analysis Of The Songs Of Innocence And Experience By...

London in the late 18th century was full of poverty and corruption, according to poet William Blake. It was a city with no hope for poor people, and the government and church did little to help this. Among the poor were children working in slave-like conditions to feed their families and going to charity schools. Blake puts these children at the center of his piece to show the hypocritical nature of the church and how innocent people are suffering from it. He takes on two angles from the same topic: the event of Holy Thursday. By examining it from the lens of innocence, then experience, he shows the reader how important perspective is and how looking past the shiny exterior can reveal a more sinister scene underneath. In The Songs of†¦show more content†¦The other angle Blake examines Holy Thursday with is experience. This poem is much more straight forward about the horrors of poverty and the church’s relation to it. He believes that children are innocent beings and shouldn’t be just pitied, but helped to escape poverty for more than just a day. He shows this with strong imagery highlighting their difficult life and how unfair it is. Blake describes their life as a miserable place: And their son does never shine, And their fields are bleak and bare, And their ways are filled with thorns: It is eternal winter there. (ll. 9-12) By using this strong imagery he shows how horrendous their living conditions are and how being washed and made to sing in church is a small compensation for their lifetime of poverty. Another technique Blake uses is using rhetorical questions to ask the audience how natural and holy it is to see so many poor children. He leaves the morality up to the reader to ask themselves if this problem needs to be fixed. He only includes the questions in the Experience version because questioning things and looking deeper isn’t a theme in the Innocence poems. Innocence is about being content and embracing naivety. Blake also demonstrates how the children are being objectified in order to pity them and use them as a way to make the church seem charitable towardsShow MoreRelatedSongs Of Innocence And Of Experience By William Blake Analysis868 Words   |  4 PagesSongs of Innocence and of Experience is the foundation of the work of one of the greatest. English poets and artists. The two se ts of poems reveal what William Blake calls â€Å"the two contrary states of the human soul.† In both series, he offers clues to deeper meanings and suggests ways out of the apparent trap of selfhood, so that each reading provides greater insight and understanding, not only to the poems but also to human life. Throughout this poem, the logic of this poem favors experience ratherRead MoreThe Songs Of Innocence And Experience William Blake Analysis1751 Words   |  8 Pagesreligions have different gods, traditions, and ceremonies, but they all have one thing in common; people take different viewpoints of a religion to fit into their mindset. William Blake uses this idea to express how he believes people see Christianity and God. In his series named â€Å"The Songs of Innocence and Experience,† Blake creates the image of opposing views of similar situations. The poems show the views of the innocent and the experienced. The innocent takes on the roles to show how naivetyR ead MoreSongs of Good and Evil1545 Words   |  7 Pagesall describe William Blake’s life (Greenblatt, Abrams, Lynch, Stillinger). Blake was born November 28, 1757 in London, England and his artistic ability became evident in his early years. Blake had a very simple upbringing and had little education. His formal education was in art and at the age of fourteen he entered an apprenticeship with a well-known engraver who taught Blake his skills in engraving. In Blake’s free time, he began reading writing poetry. At the age of twenty-one, Blake completed hisRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Tyger1132 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake’s â€Å"The Tyger† and Tragedies William Blake wrote a set of poems in his collection Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Some of the poems in each collection were meant to be read together to show the difference between innocence and experience. Many people question why Blake wrote a two part series to his poems and what they could actually mean. Two specific poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger,† were meant to be read together. â€Å"The Lamb† is a part of Blake’s Songs of Innocence andRead MoreWilliam Blake Songs of Innocence Experience1256 Words   |  6 PagesSweeper† Songs of Innocence amp; Experience analysis with, William Blake In 1794 William Blake’s work was known and published as a collection of poems that were put together as one book called Songs of innocence amp; Songs of Experience. In the collection Blake titles a poem, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†, and this one is viewed in two ways: Innocence and experience. In the book of innocence Blake shows how poor innocent children are being abused and mistreated during this time era. In Songs of innocenceRead MoreWilliam Blake in Contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience1452 Words   |  6 PagesEN 222-Intro to British Lit. II April 21, 2012 William Blake in contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience William Blake, an engraver, exemplified his passion for children through his many poems. Blake lived in London most of his life and many fellow literati viewed him as eccentric. He claimed to have interactions with angels and prophets, which had a great influence on his outlook of life. Blake believed all prominent entities, those being church, state, and government had become sick withRead MoreWilliam Blake s Innocence And Experience Analysis Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesIsha Fidai Amber Drown English 2323 14 September 2016 William Blake s Innocence and Experience Analysis The Romantic Era was a movement in literature that began in the late seventeenth century throughout the eighteenth century that was mainly influenced by the natural world and idealism. Romanticism was predominantly focused on emotion and freedom emphasizing individualism. Formed as an uprising against neoclassicism, romanticism was more abstract, focusing on feelings and imaginations, insteadRead More An Analysis of Blakes The School Boy Essay1745 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Blakes The School Boy  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   The School Boy is a typical example of Blakes Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience in its themes and imagery. Like many of the other poems in this work it deals with childhood and the subjugation of its spirit and uses imagery from the natural world. While first published in 1789 as one of the Songs of Innocence there are strong reasons why Blake moved it to the Experience1 section of the 1794 edition. If we compare it to other poems inRead MoreEssay about The Voice of the Chimney Sweepers1180 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake (1757-1827) led a relatively happy life. At an early age, he claimed that he could see God, Angels, and other important Italian figures. Blake’s parents encouraged him to keep a record of all the masters he claimed to keep in contact with. Blake’s father, James Blake, gave him casts and engravings to keep this record. At the age of ten, Blake started at a drawing school named Henry Pars’ Drawing School. Three years late r, he was apprenticed to a Master Engraver, James Basire. BlakeRead MoreOpposition in William Blakes The Lamb and the Tyger689 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Opposition in William Blakes The Lamb and The Tyger William Blakes Songs of Innocence and Experience contain some of his most known poems including The Lamb from Songs of Innocence and The Tyger from Songs of Experience. These two poems are intended to reflect contrasting views of religion, innocence, and creation, with The Tyger examining the intrinsic relationship between good and evil. Blake utilizes contrasting images and symbols to examine opposing perspectives of good and evil

The Adventures of Huckelberry Finn The Deliberate Writing...

In Mark Twain’s novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the young protagonist Huckleberry Finn runs away from his abusive father with Jim, a black slave. Throughout the novel, Huck encounters people that fail to understand the injustice of slavery and violence, despite their education. Although Huck lacks any substantial education, his moral values and judgment are highly developed. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain uses uneducated, colloquial diction and deliberate syntax to provide ironic contrast between Huck’s rudimentary level of education and profound use of moral judgment. Twain’s use of colloquial, homespun diction to veil Huck’s enlightened views on slavery and racism in the novel, creating an†¦show more content†¦Twain uses colloquial diction to convey Huck’s struggle between the values of his southern upbringing, which urge him to return Jim, and his strong friendship and loyalty with Jim, which encou rage him to protect the runaway. Although Huck lacks education, Huck interprets the laws in ways that are morally sound, an interpretation that most educated people fail to understand, while they blindly accept the injustice of slavery. Throughout the novel, Twain makes use of uneducated diction and syntax to convey an ironic contrast between Huck’s ability to discern between moral and immoral actions and his lack of education. Twain uses deliberate syntactical patterns in order to create an ironic disparity between Huck’s strong moral conscience and his inability to convey his judgments in a grammatically correct way. For example, Huck feels guilty about the plans of his acquaintances to con money from a mourning woman and â€Å"felt so ornery and low down and mean† that he decided to â€Å"hive that money for them or bust† (175). Twain uses the juxtaposition of Huck’s decision that stealing money from the woman was immoral and his plans to steal the money back from the conmen in his syntactical pattern to emphasize Huck’s ironic method of redeeming a crime with an action similar to the crime. Twain contrasts Additionally, when Huck encounters criminals while traveling down the river with Jim, he plans to hide the boat â€Å"in a place

The Effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program...

Introduction: Every parent wants the best for their children. They want their children to finish their studies. But unfortunately, there are many poor families cannot provide for the education of their children. Some families can only afford to eat one meal a day and they can’t even send their children to school. Sometimes the parents encourage their children to work and earn for their living, so that they can have something to eat. But we can’t blame them, because sometimes it is better to have something for supper, than to have something to feed your mind. Every youth deserves to have a decent education for them to be the next leaders not only of their generation but of the country as well. We should also take care of their welfare.†¦show more content†¦But because of shortage of budget, the government sometimes fails to help them and there are also many things to consider. Background of the Study: Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is a program by the Department of Social Welfare and Development that aims to reduce poverty by providing qualified families conditional cash grants. The program is currently covering 255 municipalities and 15 key cities in 45 provinces, serving 700,000 households. There are an inter – agency council for the implementation of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program composed of the Department of Health ( DOH ), Department of Education ( DepEd ), Department of Interior and Local Government ( DILG ), National Anti - Poverty Commission ( NAPC ), and the Landbank. The program was implemented during the term of former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and now, is the continuous program of the present administration. Since the program is slated to run for five years, legislation has been proposed to formally institutionalize the program. The Senate Bill 3412 or Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Act of 2009, authorized by the Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago. The bill aims to institutionalize the program by formally making it the national conditional fund transfer program. Statement of the Problem: This study aims to answer the following research questions about theShow MoreRelatedpantawid pamilyang pilipino program1609 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program? †¢ Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program that provides cash grants to poor households with children 0-14 years old and/or pregnant mothers, provided that they comply with the conditions set by the program †¢ Objectives: social assistance- provides conditional cash assistance to the poor to alleviate their immediate needs (short term poverty alleviation); and social development- aims to break the intergenerationalRead MorePANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM (4Ps) Case Study4557 Words   |  19 PagesA CASE STUDY ON THE DELISTED BENEFICIARIES OF PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM (4Ps) INTRODUCTION A Conditional Cash Transfer Program is a program implemented by the government where money (cash grants) is given to eligible beneficiaries given that these beneficiaries comply with certain conditions such as nutrition, education, family development sessions, and other such services offered by the government. It is a means of helping the beneficiaries through provision of social and medical assistanceRead More4ps-Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program3477 Words   |  14 Pagesgovernment developed the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’S) that has now become its flagship social assistance program to help the poor. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is a Modified Conditional Cash Transfer for the poor families in the Philippines. According to Lucy Basset in her discussion paper entitled â€Å"Can Conditional Cash Transfer Programs Play a Greater Role in Reducing Child Undernutrition?, October 2008, Conditional Cash Transfer Conditional Cash Transfer programs (CCTs) provid e cashRead More4ps in the Philippines3303 Words   |  14 PagesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA College of Arts and Sciences Department of Social Sciences DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PROGRAM THE EFFECTS OF PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM IN THE LIVES OF BENEFICIARIES IN THE CITY OF MANILA (Thesis Proposal) MARY GRACE FABROS BA Development Studies UP Manila Statement of the problem The Philippines has been battling against poverty for over several years now. The problem with poverty was inherited by every president, the highest ranking official of the republicRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Conditional Cash Transfers: A Case Study of the Philippines Nathalie van1800 Words   |  8 PagesThe Effectiveness of Conditional Cash Transfers: A Case Study of the Philippines Nathalie van Baren Bachelor of science in Economics, KU Leuven, Belgium Introduction The Philippines anno 2014: recovering from their recent typhoons, economic growth of an estimated seven percent and less than one year left to reach the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The wanted progress on the second goal ‘Achieve Universal Primary Education’ is most likely not going to be achieved. How is that possible sinceRead MoreThesis Solo Parenting1856 Words   |  8 PagesWelfare and Development-Central Office (DSWD-CO), in a recent Philstar.com report. RA 8972 is an act that provides special benefits and privileges to solo or single parents and their children, which include livelihood assistance, counseling services, education scholarships or discounts, flexible work schedule, additional work leaves, and health or medical assistance, among others. But not everyone knows that such act even exists, Javier said. Apart from that, some solo parents could not avail of said benefitsRead MoreExpanding Child Participation During Prevention And Elimination Of Child Labor2316 Words   |  10 PagesExpanding Child Participation in Prevention and Elimination of Child labor through Peer Education and Child Labor Monitoring (A Concept Paper) I. RATIONALE: A. BACKGROUND A survey conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) and international labor Organization (ILO) in 2011 estimated working children, 5 to 17 years old at 5.5 million. 3 million or 54.5 % were engaged in hazardous child labour. Under the law, child labor is defined as any form of work or economic activity performed by

Relationship Between Managers Leadership Styles

There is growing concern about the financial stability of the college, due to the declining number of enrollments into college. In spite of recent training, that was provided to the admissions team, the team continues to struggle with enrollments, and the goals of the organization remain unmet. Over the past year, there has been a steady decrease in the number of enrollments into the college; which has negatively impacted our investors, student body, and employees’ alike. Recently, there have been multiple complaints filed by various employees with allegation of disrespect, unfair treatment, and reports of a hostile work environment, in the admission department.This research serves to examine the relationship between managers’ leadership†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, that the interpersonal style that a leader has is an important factor in what the effectiveness and organizational climate will be. It was determined that the captain was in the wrong and as a result was relieved of Duty, for cruelty and maltreatment of the unit. Toxic leadership has the ability to create great problems for an organization through the lack of concern for the well-being of others. Due to these findings, it is essential for this organization to implements new practices so that we can remain competitive, and grow. Accordingly, the transformational model of Kouzes and Posner (2012) provides leaders with practical guidance on how to lead, as well as practical steps to address challenges leaders are faced with. That being said, it is important for leaders to identify, and focus, on issues that exist in the organization, and align the vision of the organization with employees to easily transition into new practices (Goleman, Boyatzis, and McKee, 2002). According to Treasurer (2009), â€Å"great leaders demonstrate bold reasoned judgment, spirited but calculated risk taking, and a confident but never complacent behavioral disposition.† Leaders that lead b y example, also, have an extraordinary capacity to recognize strengths and weaknesses in their organization, and understand the importance of balancing them both. Recently, while attending a group meeting, some alarming behaviors were observed from team leaders ofShow MoreRelatedLeadership Style And Emotional Intelligence1734 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership Style and Emotional Intelligence Many organizations and groups are established each day, but only a few realize their dreams. Although many factors are responsible for the differences in success and failure of organizations, leadership is a prime factor. Leaders play a significant role in determining the success or failure of an organization. Management studies have attempted to understand leadership including defining the skills that a leader requires to become successful. EmotionalRead MoreLeadership Is Not A One Side Approach1392 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership is not a one side approach. One will be able to guide its team for challenging situations when the different leadership style are known. There are three known leadership styles that can be used to become more effective leader: autocratic leaders, democratic leaders, lalssez-faire leaders. However, one’s personal approach can be a blend to these, depending on one’s preferences, the needs of your people and the present situation. Also when the leadership framework is understood, one canRead MoreThe Importance Of Employee Relationship Management?1356 Words   |  6 Pagesimportance of employee relationship management by reviewing relevant literature and will highlight certain areas such as communications and leadership styles. This will help determine the best strategies to decrease the amount of turnovers in employment as well as retaining workers in a hospitality organisation. Employee relationship management is a term that covers a broad range of topics on the behaviour and interaction in the work place. This can span from relationships with workers to attractRead MoreSituational Leadership Theory1119 Words   |  5 PagesSituational Leadership Theory Since there is no special or one precise type of leader, numerous leadership styles and theories have surfaced. This is because a different situations require different type of leadership styles. In many occasions, leadership theories help to predict the best leadership style to employ in a particular situation. This essay seeks explain why situational leadership theory is useful and relevant in developing an effective leadership culture. It is this writers hope thatRead MoreLeadership Is A Good Leader And A Group1630 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership is a process that occurs between a leader and another individual; between the leader and a group. Or between a leader and an organization, on a community, or a society; and that influences others, often by inspiring enlivening, and engaging others to participate in the achievement of goals. Leadership is a subtle art and skill. It is based on inherent qualities of the individual and developed over time, through life events and experience s that range from significant to life altering. LeadershipRead MoreLeadership Styles Are Interconnected With Culture And Tradition Of An Organization?1066 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Ques-10 Describe how leadership styles are interconnected with culture and tradition of an organization? Answer - leadership can be defined as an art of motivating a group of people to act towards attaining a same goal. In other words, the process of encouraging and promoting others to work enthusiastically in achieving objectives. Leadership is a way for people to participate in making something extraordinary and different. Essence of leadership – ïÆ' ¼ Leadership actually means the power orRead MoreThe Importance Of Leadership As A Team Performance1034 Words   |  5 Pages3. Importance of leadership role in team performance Many people are wondering that if a leader equals to a manager. No, it is different. S. Slater wrote â€Å"A manger gets things done via planning and delegation. Tasks are assigned and results are obtained via others efforts. A leader gets things done by holding a vision, modeling behaviours and inspiring action.† (Author Stream) Although not all leaders are managers, all managers are leaders who always need leadership to manage. As a result, it isRead MoreRelationship Between Emotional Intelligence And Transformational Leadership Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesPherwani (2003), the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and transformational leadership style was examined in order to determine whether EI scores could be used to predict transformational leadership style. In addition, gender differences in the relationship between EI and transformational leadership were examined to determine if there is a significant interaction of gender and emotional intelligence. Thi s research is important, because transformational leadership has been found to beRead MoreLeadership Is Not A One Side Approach1536 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership is not a one side approach. One will be able to guide its team for challenging situations when the different leadership styles are known. There are three known leadership styles that can be used to become a more effective leader: autocratic leaders, democratic leaders, lalssez-faire leaders. However, one’s personal approach can be a blend of these, depending on one’s preferences, the needs of your people and the present situation. Also when the leadership framework is understoodRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography And Outline. Malik, S. (2012). A1273 Words   |  6 PagesMalik, S. (2012). A Study of Relationship between Leader Behaviors and Subordinate Job Expectancies: A Path-Goal Approach. Pakistan Journal of Commerce Social Sciences, 6(2), 357-371. The quality of an organization s products and the performance of the managers are instrumental in the success of the organization. It is worth noting that the manager s leadership style has a fundamental relationship to an organization s success because the decision made by the managers determines the success or

Managing Staff Free Essays

Management for any healthcare facility has many different roles that they must complete. A health care manager must be able to handle running the daily operations, complete any financial duties, and also manage the employees of the facility. When it comes to keeping the facility properly staffed management must be aware of what is needed. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Staff or any similar topic only for you Order Now To be sure that the facility is properly staffed, a health care manager should utilize a staffing plan. A staffing plan can show where employees are needed to work any hours that the facility needs. Annualizing is also important because if a facility is to be run twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week will require many staff members because one employee would not be able to fill all of the positions. In understanding any staffing needs for a facility the manager must take into consideration productive and non-productive time. Productive time means the time spent that is actually worked by an employee. Non-productive time would mean any time the employee is not at work; whether it is the weekend, a holiday, sick time, vacation time, or a personal day. When it comes to using a staffing plan it is important for the manager to have this information in place because it will help to show what actual hours need to be covered and how many employees it will take to cover those hours. There are two ways to do a staffing plan; they are either done in the annualized method or by the scheduled-position method. In the annualized method the manager would take the non-productive and productive days of each staff person and account for them in the formula that is used to fill the hours. In the scheduled-position method the non-productive and productive days are accounted for when filling a scheduled shift. This is why recording non-productive and productive days in a staffing plan are necessary because all of the hours of each staff member are accounted for. When it comes to the cost for any healthcare facility they can be tied to the staffing in a variety of ways. In a staffing plan the costs are attributed to the amount of staff that is needed to cover the hours that are needed to run the facility. It also can be attributed to the pay rates of each individual staff member and also the benefits that each staff member is entitled to. This information can be kept in the books which will help in preparing a budget or a staffing plan. If a health care manager did not have access to this information they would not have the correct information that is needed to properly staff and run the facility on a day-to-day basis. A healthcare facility is run by a staff that must provide care to its patients, provide daily care, and handle administrative duties. Without proper staffing a facility cannot be run properly and the quality of care that the patients receive will suffer which in turn can affect the overall reputation of the facility. To ensure that this does not happen, management must have quality staff members and also to make sure that all of the hours are properly covered. Reference Bureau of Labor Statistics. (January 2012). Occupational Outlook Handbook. Retrieved from http://www. bls. gov/oco/ocos014. htm How to cite Managing Staff, Essay examples