The Metabolism Of Mesalamine - Click For Free Sample

Question: Describe about The Metabolism of Mesalamine And Its Possible Use In Colonic Diverticulitis As An Anti-Inflammatory Agent? Answer: Introduction Mesalazine (Synonyms: Mesalamine, 5-Aminosalicylic acid), being an anti inflammatory drug, is used for the treatment of Crohns disease, Ulcerative Colitis and other Inflammatory Bowel Disease. It is also known to possess anti oxidant activity. The formulation efficacy of Mesalazine has been found to be dependent on pH especially in case of Ulcerative Colitis. If the drug release happens in the colon at a pH greater than or equal to 7, it can be effective in cases of terminal ileum and caecum, extending to the colon. If the drug release happens in the colon at a pH greater than or equal to 6, cases involving ileum can be effectively treated. Therefore, the scope of the present report is to identify the manufacturing and regulatory issues of Mesalazine and a comparative study with Cyclosporin. Manufacturing issues of Mesalazine Inflammatory bowel disease is an inflamed condition of the small intestine including the colon. The existing therapies do not give satisfactory diminution to the patients with inflammatory bowel disease and other related diseases. The dosage form manufacturing needs a changeover to provide maximum therapeutic efficacy with the minimum effective concentration. Novel drug delivery system can be a novel approach to achieve this condition. Mesalazine, being a drug of choice for inflammatory bowel disease, cannot be formulated in alternative release patterns. The conventional dosage forms have not been found to be satisfying in this regard. Anti adhesion molecules has the gut selectivity property. Therefore, it can be an interesting mode of treatment. Adaptive immune response in the gut happens because of the antigen presenting cells which are further professional or non-professional, regulatory T cells, effector cells and mucosal B cells. The most targeted site of the anti adhesion molecule therapies is the integrin family. Monoclonal antibodies are developed for targeting the integrins. Selective blockers may also be used as alternative therapy agents. Since Mesalazine is used as a conventional method of treatment and not presently manufactured as anti adhesion molecules, it cannot achieve the prolonged and desirable results as can be achieved by them (1). The mechanism of action in the intestinal endothelium of the adhesion molecules and the anti adhesion drug blockage Source: (1) However, Since Mesalazine is the drug of choice in the first line of treatment in inflammatory bowel disease, it has been modified and manufactured accordingly to bring about the best possible therapeutic effects. The manufacturers also designed and rectified its formulation issues to achieve better results with Mesalazine. One of the recent development in its manufacturing is the Mesalazine rectal suppository, which provides comfort to use to the patients of inflammatory bowel disease. The achievable drug load is upto 35% to 50%. The melting point can be set in the range 32 to 35.5C. Sufficiently larger surface area of the drug molecules provides better bioavailability for the granules. The weight can also be drastically reduced (2). Graph 1: Dissolution profile of Mesalazine with three different variables. Source: (2) Another interesting approach to overcome the manufacturing limitations and its subsequent therapeutic effects is the formulation of Mezavant XL tablet. It has the ingredients as per the manufacturers formula, which has been listed below. Carmellose Sodium Carnauba Wax Stearic Acid Silicon Dioxide Sodium Starch Glycollate Purified Talc Magnesium Stearate Methacrylic Acid Copolymer Triethyl Citrate Titanium Dioxide (E171) Red Oxide of Iron (C177491) Macrogol 6000 The tablet core consists of the active pharmaceutical ingredient Mesalamine mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) along with the following ingredients Carmellose Sodium, Carnauba Wax, Stearic Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Sodium Starch Glycollate, Purified Talc and Magnesium Stearate. The film coating material consists of Purified Talc, Methacrylic Acid Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers (1:1) and (1:2), Triethyl Citrate, Titanium Dioxide, Red Ferric Oxide and Macrogol 6000. It is a novel drug delivery system with once a day drug regime. TNO gastrointestinal model can be used to study the release kinetics of the drug. It is a dynamic system that simulates in vitro adult human GIT conditions under fasted and fed conditions. The formulation effectively delays the release from the tablet until it reaches the colon. The release is prolonged in the colon (3). Graph 2: Recovery of Mesalazine in the colon dialysate during gut passage under simulated conditions of fasted and fed. Source: (3) According to WHO, newer formulations are being invented and studied which are found to be bioequivalent to Mesalazine. These are from herbal sources and are found to possess potent activity in inflammatory bowel disease, much similar to Mesalazine. By virtue of their herbal nature, they are reported to find minimum side effects with similar therapeutic efficacy (4). One of the natural alternatives is Slippery Elm. This contains mucilage, which forms a gel when mixed with water. It soothes and coats the intestine and stomach and its antioxidant property helps in relieving the IBD conditions. It also increases the production of mucus in the GI tract, which provides protection against acidity and ulcers. Even medicinal cannabis has been found to be significantly beneficial for the patients suffering from IBD. Regulatory issues of Mesalazine The Mesalazine market in the UK is 56% for Asacol and 25% for Pentasa (5). The regulatory approval of Mesalazine involves the relevance of comparison of the clinical and pharmacokinetic end point studies. In vitro dissolution studies of the new and existing products should be compared to establish the fact that the new Mesalazine product is pharmaceutically equivalent. In vitro dissolution should be carried out on a wide range of pH under simulated GI conditions. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies give the exact differences in the drug release patterns of the new and existing Mesalazine products, which is essential for the regulatory filing of Mesalazine (6). As per MHRA, British National Formulary and the National Prescribing Centre recommend that the prescriptions for all the formulations of Mesalazine should be made based on the severity of the patient (7). Mesalazine is a medication that can be obtained only with a prescription. Therefore, the physician, as per the severity of the patient, will decide the dosage. A dosage of upto 4g may be prescribed in divided doses in case of the treatment of a colitis attack. However, to prevent further attacks a single dose of 2g may be prescribed. Systemic bioequivalence, as a standard regulatory assessment process, is not sufficient for evaluating oral, modified release and topical products. Therefore, the new trend for determining the bioequivalence of oral Mesalazine involves the combination of bioequivalence, adequate comparative trial and dissolution. Assessment of the new products having modified release should be rigorous enough to boost the confidence of the physicians and patients regarding their usage (8). Modified release products provide better bioavailability. More the release duration, more is the duration of action. Therefore, this will consequently reduce the dosing frequency and reduce the costs in the end. Finally, these modified release products will benefit both, the patient and physician, which will be effective in the treatment of intestinal disorders with lesser proportion of medications consumed by the patient. Table 1: Established preparation of Mesalazine (Oral, modified release) in UK market Source: (8) Conclusion The process of drug development involves provision of safe, affordable, timely and effective therapies to the patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The designs of clinical trials should be standardized and improved in case of inflammatory bowel disease for improved patient profile. Therefore, the manufacturing issues of Mesalazine should be well scrutinized for improved therapeutic products and better regulatory issues, providing enhanced market appeal, to survive the ever-growing challenge of novel drug delivery system and market competencies. References Cohen HD, Das KM. The Metabolism Of Mesalamine And Its Possible Use In Colonic Diverticulitis As An Anti-Inflammatory Agent. Journal of clinical gastroenterology. 2014 Aug 1;40:S150-4. Dobis DR, Sawyer RT, Gillespie MM, Newman LS, Maier LA, Day BJ. Sulfasalazine and mesalamine modulate beryllium-specific lymphocyte proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology. 2012 Oct;43(4):458-64. Goyanes A, Buanz AB, Hatton GB, Gaisford S, Basit AW. 3D printing of modified-release aminosalicylate (4-ASA and 5-ASA) tablets. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 2015 Jan 31;89:157-62. Guada M, Sebastin V, Irusta S, Feijo E, del Carmen Dios-Viitez M, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Lipid nanoparticles for cyclosporine A administration: development, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of their immunosuppression activity. International journal of nanomedicine. 2015;10:6541. Gupta SK. Regulatory filing strategy for generic mesalazine modified release formulations. Indian journal of pharmacology. 2015 Apr;43(2):221. Ham M, Moss AC. Mesalamine in the treatment and maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis. Expert review of clinical pharmacology. 2012 Mar 1;5(2):113-23. Hanauer SB, Sandborn WJ. European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohns disease. Gut. 2014 Feb 1;56(2):161-3. Karn PR, Jin SE, Lee BJ, Sun BK, Kim MS, Sung JH, Hwang SJ. Preparation and evaluation of cyclosporin a-containing proliposomes: a comparison of the supercritical antisolvent process with the conventional film method. International journal of nanomedicine. 2014;9:5079. Lobaton T, Vermeire S, Assche G, Rutgeerts P. Review article: anti adhesion therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. Alimentary pharmacology therapeutics. 2014 Mar 1;39(6):579-94. Miroux C, Morales O, Ghazal K, Othman SB, De Launoit Y, Pancr V, Conti F, Delhem N. In vitro effects of cyclosporine A and tacrolimus on regulatory T-cell proliferation and function. Transplantation. 2012 Jul 27;94(2):123-31. Singer BD, King LS, DAlessio FR. Regulatory T cells as immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2014 Feb 11;5(46.10):3389. Tenjarla S, Romasanta V, Zeijdner E, Villa R, Moro L. Release of 5-aminosalicylate from an MMX mesalamine tablet during transit through a simulated gastrointestinal tract system. Advances in therapy. 2013 Jul 1;24(4):826-40.

Digestion and Enzymes free essay sample

In the same way amylase Is a specific enzyme used for carbohydrate substrates. In our experiment, our substrate is starch and so our enzyme is amylase. I think that amylase will not work properly when heated at 100C because enzymes need heat for the particles to gain kinetic energy and collide with each other. At100C, enzymes dont move as fast as they can if the temperature is increased, and thus the collision and the reaction dont take place. However, if the temperature is Increased over its optimal temperature then the enzymes become denatured. The breaking of a substrate happens, when a substrate molecule fits inside its specific enzyme olecule, so when an enzyme molecule becomes denatured, the 3D shape of the enzyme molecule changes and so the substrate can no longer inside the active site of the enzyme molecule due to its denatured shape. So I think the amylase might become denatured when heated at 800C and thus It wont be able to work. We will write a custom essay sample on Digestion and Enzymes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This tells me that amylase will work the best at 400C as It might be amylases optimal temperature. Variables: I will change the temperature, at which the solution Is heated. I will measure the time it takes for the colour of starch and iodine mixture to disappear. The Independent ariable In this experiment will be the temperature and the dependent variable time taken between the mixing of amylase and starch solutions and the end of the test. The control variables will be: Volume of amylase solution in each test tube The volume of amylase solution In each test tube needs to be a constant number, because If there Is different amount of amylase In each test tube would make It an unfair test as the test tube with more or less amylase might react different to different temperatures. So a specific amount of amylase should be used in each of the test tubes. H value: Change in pH can have a dramatic effect on the rate of amylase -catalyzed reaction. This effect of pH Is because the structure ofa protein Is maintained by varlous Donas wltnln tne tnree-almenslonal structure 0T tne proteln. A cnange 0T pH from the optimum values changes the bonding patterns, progressively changing the shape of the molecules. If the molecules are denatured, the reaction cannot happen, the result will become unreliable. pH value will be a new independent variable if it is not controlled. Using pH test strips to test the pH value of amylase solution and tarch solution before the experiment can be helpful. Concentration of amylase solution in each test tube Concentration of amylase solution in each test tube should be the same. If the volume of amylase solution is same in each test tube, the lower concentration means that there are less amylase molecules in that tube. If the amylase molecules are not enough to combine with starch molecules, starch cannot be completely broken down, the mixed solution may still appear blue-black color. Therefore, it will affect our result if it is not controlled. Concentration of starch solution in each test tube Concentration of starch solution is the substrate concentration. As the substrate concentration increases, the rate of reaction increases until all active sites engaged in catalysis. To prevent Concentration of starch solution from being a factor of changing the rate of reaction, it must be controlled. Water level in bath Amount of iodine. Equipment: Test Tubes x6 Beaker Pipette cavity Tile Ice cubes Water Bath Goggles Gloves Lab Coat Measuring Cylinder Stop Watch Iodine Amylase solution Starch. Universal Indicator. Bunsen Burner 1. Take 5ml of amylase and add it into a test tube and add 5ml of starch solution into nother test tube. 2. Make sure that the amylase solution and starch solution you used in this experiment must have a neutral pH, you may test the pH values by using pH universal indicator. This can be done when before 3. Take a water bath and add water and wait till the temperature reaches 40 C. . Once the temperature is 40 C, place the two test tubes in a water bath for two minutes. 5. Meanwhile take a cavity tile and add a drop of iodine in each cavity. 6. Pour the amylase solution into the tube of starch solution. Stir well using a pipette. 7. Using the pipette, remove a small mount of the mixture and add a drop to the iodine solution in the cavity tile 8. Repeat the iodine test at intervals of two minute s, washing the pipette with distilled water between each test until the mixture fails to give a blue/black colour with iodine. 9. Record the total time taken between the mixing of amylase and starch solutions and the end of the test. This is the time taken for all the starch to be digested by amylase at 40 C 10. Repeat the whole experiment at other temperatures (10 C and 60 C) For temperatures higher than the room temperature using a water bath and when he required temperature is reached remove the Bunsen burner. Gentle heating at intervals may be necessary to maintain the temperature of the water bath. For the temperatures lower than the room temperature, use ice cubes to bring the temperature down. It is important that for each of these experiments the amylase and the starch solutions are warmed or cooled to the required temperature before mixing them. I will test 10 C, 40 C and 60 C and I will repeat my experiment three times in order to get fair and reliable results. Risk Assessment: Risk Hazard How to prevent it? Starch solution or iodine. May get into your eyes. Wear goggles. Some water bathes are very hot. Can burn your hand or any other parts of your body. Dont directly touch the water inside the water bathes. Using a rack to put test tubes into the water bathes. Water and electricity. If water is spilled on a nearby switch, it can electrocute the person. Keep beakers, test tubes and water bath away from any electrical equipment. Breaking a test tube. Glass pieces can be harmful to people and to you. Keep the equipment in the middle of the desk and not near the edges of the table. Also make sure to stand ana ao tne experiment . unlversal Inalcator. If comes in contact with eye, may cause eye irritation. If comes in contact with skin, may cause skin irritation. If swallowed, can cause blindness and nausea. Wear gloves while holding the universal indicator. Wear goggles to stop the contact with your eyes. Report the teacher immediately if accidently swallowed. Hair. It can get dipped into chemicals and may damage your hair. It makes it difficult to see, making accurate measurements and observations almost impossible. Tie your hair back. Spilling chemical over your body. Can damage your clothes and may possibly come in contact with your skin which can be very harmful and may damage your skin. Wear Lab coat. Not cleaning up the the area once the experiment is finished. Coming in contact with chemicals. It may be harmful for someone who is not aware of the experiment and may unknowingly come in contact with harmful chemicals or may trip over the equipment causing fatal injuries. Clean up the experimental place and wash your hands to avoid others getting any further contact with chemical germs. Crushed ice can damage your hands. Injure your hand. Wear safety gloves.

Literary Practice in Law Journal - On the Blank Page, on the Web

Literary Practice in Law Journal - On the Blank Page, on the WebAt the beginning of this August, the Indiana Law Journal has published two essays by one Jennifer McQuillan titled 'On the Blank Page, on the Web: Essays on Light in August'Finding the Light in August.' Ms. McQuillan, an associate professor at the University of Notre Dame Law School, has published on a wide range of subjects in academic journals. But she is very talented at analyzing, through a selection of examples, legal cases, and how, as a lawyer, you can find light in the cases. Here is a sample essay that showcases the skill and skillful analysis in 'On the Blank Page, on the Web: Essays on Light in August.'Literary practice of journals can have a powerful impact on the practice of law, and on many ways of conceiving of what is not legal. Writers are interested in the way that their creations influence their clients and the broader legal community. According to Ms. McQuillan, a material of the 'On the Blank Page, o n the Web: Essays on Light in August' is whether the law community has a common consciousness when it comes to the purposes of legal writing.Literary practice of legal cases involves the political, cultural, and intellectual power that writing has to effect change within the institutions and structures of our legal system. If this is true, Ms. McQuillan suggests, then the reader has a powerful voice in the passage of law.Those areas of legal practice that favor particular models of writing and speak to a specific audience are the ones where litigators have the most influence. Litigators win the battle of ideas on this type of topics because their strategy is to convince a majority of the members of the relevant groups, which can include legislators, judges, and potential jurors. Sometimes this is accomplished by blunt force, but often it is accomplished by the subtle combination of theory and organizational details.The dynamic between legal practice and literary practice can also af fect how you understand your clients. If you focus on the meanings and grammatical facts of cases, you risk missing the many opportunities to present clients with a valuable, realistic legal picture of what is possible in a given situation.If you want to be the best litigator for your clients, Ms. McQuillan suggests, you will need to focus on both legal practice and literary practice. Literary practice has the most impact on legal practice because those with the power to impose legal requirements can create the spark that will bring a legal problem to life.I encourage you to find out more about Jennifer McQuillan's work. I have heard she does not hold any license, but she is excellent at creating a text that will help you think about litigators, the legal system, and the power of fiction.

Vietnam War

Introduction Vietnam War was a long time tussle between the northern and the southern region of Vietnam which culminated into one of the bloodiest wars of the time. America played a dominant role in this particular war with Hanoi and Washington waging war in an attempt to ensure that Vietnam was free from the domination of foreigners. This paper seeks to compare the ability of Hanoi and Washington in waging the war successfully.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnam War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Background Information The Vietnam War was a conflict that was military in nature, occurred between the years 1954 and 1975, and was between the communists and the non-communists. The communists received immense support from China while the non-communists were supported by America. The first war that preceded the Vietnam War was known as Indochina War where the Southern part of Vietnam was fighting to prevent fro m being united with the northern part under the policies of communism. When this war ended, these two factions were kept apart to prevent further damage and they were expected to remain that way until the next elections were held. The Paris Agreement In the year 1973, an agreement known as the Paris agreement was signed and this was meant to end the more than a decade war between the South Vietnamese and the North Vietnamese. Under this agreement, there are various issues that were agreed upon with Hanoi and Washington each stating their position regarding the issue. There was an acrimonious agreement between Hanoi and Washington in the signing of the agreement although parties understood this agreement could have far-reaching consequences to both the North and the South Vietnam. Though Hanoi and Washington were aware that this agreement could bring problems to the already warring factions, the events that had taken place earlier both parties to the agreement that such a move was th e only way out considering the surrounding circumstances. The provisions of the agreement were quite vague and thus not workable with both Washington and Hanoi ignoring the necessary factors of the agreement. To both parties, the most important aspect of the agreement at the time was to fulfil certain purposes for each side.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Washington on one hand was concerned in having the American prisoners released as well as being able to formally withdraw from participating ion the Vietnam and marinating the credibility that America had during the Cold War. Hanoi on the other hand was more concerned on being able to force the forces from America to withdraw from the Vietnam War, ensuring that the revolution that was socialist in nature that was going to happen in North Vietnam was saved and being able to improve on prospects of reuniting the two warr ing factions. Steps by Hanoi and Washington In Washington, there was an elevation of diplomacy which was meant to ensure that the support that America was giving to South Vietnam was not in vain. Nixon, the then president of America placed great emphasis on steeping up diplomacy that there was manipulation of wars in Vietnam both in the air and the ground with the main aim being to ensure that the negotiation of the Paris were fulfilled. Hanoi was in an equally swift move to ensure that all measures had been put in control. Diplomacy was also elevated but in this case, different strategies were adopted. In the year 1972, having made keen observations of all that was taking place and with the flop of Spring Offensive came as a clear indication to Hanoi that it would not be practically possible to gain a victory through the military and that diplomacy was the only tool that they could use for an assured victory (Kissinger, 2003, p.543). This was the same case with Washington who had r ealised that diplomacy was the only way that the bloody war which had lasted for so long could be ended with the terms and conditions being most favourable The Paris Agreement had been signed by Washington and Hanoi with both parties being under extreme pressure due to all the surrounding circumstances one of them being military intervention. The Vietnam War had gone on for a very long time and thus had proven to be very costly for all the parties involved.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnam War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Neither of the parties seemed willing to back down on seeing their part of the bargain in the Paris Agreement being fulfilled. Hanoi was not accepting anything short of a solution that would serve to bring unity to the whole country of Vietnam (Kissinger, 2003, p. 456). Due to the high cost that both parties encountered during the war, it became apparent that it would not be possible to fulfil some of the provisions of the agreement as each party was now concerned to ensue that their ambitions were met. Thus, the parties were only keen to honour the part of the agreement which favoured them while generally disregarding the letter and spirit of the agreement. Interaction between Washington and Hanoi These two sides had not always interacted or at least the interaction was not as frequent. It was only after the outcome of the Tet Offensive that the two sides began to hold talks both private and public. For a period of close to years, the talks did not yield much other than the adoption of a decision to bring the bombing of Vietnam to an end. In the year 1970, Hanoi and Washington resumed talks and this time, they were more consistent and better outcome was realized. This is how the Paris Agreement of 1972 came to be. Importance of Diplomacy in Vietnam War As mentioned, there were a lot of negotiations and talks that were held between Hanoi and Washington regardin g the Vietnam War. Looking keenly at all the vents that led to the Paris Agreement and later brought to and end decades of fighting between tow regions of one country, it is apparent that diplomacy was central in all these issued. It is also argued by many scholars that the outcome of the Vietnam War was not as a result of the battles that were fought but more so, the diplomatic talks that were held between Washington and Hanoi (Levie, 2004, p.98). It was through the Paris Agreement that certain conditions were set and both parties were ready to out necessary measures in place to ensure that the war was brought to an end. Conclusion The Vietnam War was one of the bloodiest wars that were ever witnessed. This war saw a diplomatic clash of France and America both of whom had vested interests in Vietnam. However continued talks between America and France helped bring the Vietnam War to an end.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Kissinger, H. (2003). Ending the Vietnam War: a history of America’s involvement in and extrication from the Vietnam War. London: Simon and Schuster. Levie, D. (2004). The Vietnam War. London: Twenty-First Century Books This essay on Vietnam War was written and submitted by user Mess1ah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

SAT Score Error Use Hand Score Verification to Correct the Mistake

SAT Score Error Use Hand Score Verification to Correct the Mistake SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you make a weird error in filling out your multiple choice answer sheet that led to a dramatically reduced score? Was your essay scanned incorrectly? Hand Score Verification is a way for you to address and correct these mistakes without having to retake the test. In this guide, I'll describe what SAT Hand Score Verification is, how it can help you, and how it might hurt. What Is Hand Score Verification? Normally, the College Board grades its hundreds of thousands of test answer sheets through automated scanning machines. This is why the SAT instructs you to fill in answers using only No. 2 pencils. If you order Hand Score Verification, the College Board reviews your multiple choice answer sheet or essay again manually (by a human)for a fee. It's $55 for either multiple choice or the essay ($110 for both). If you used a fee waiver for the SAT, the fee is reduced to $27.50 each. If you marked the answer sheet correctly but there was a problem in the scanning or scoring process, your score may change, and the fee you paid for score verification will be refunded. If you made an obvious error in filling in the information on the answer sheet (putting your answers in the wrong section of the answer sheet, improperly recording the test identifying code), your score may change, but you won’t get a fee refund. For the essay, the College Board will determine whether there was an error made in the scanning of the essay or the processing of scores assigned by essay readers. In this situation, your adjusted score will be automatically reported and your fee will be refunded. This is not a way to appeal your essay score if your essay was already reviewed and scanned in correctly.Your essay doesn't get reread and re-scored in the process of Hand Score Verification unless it didn't scan properly.If your essay was written in pen (which messes with the scanning process), your score may change, but you won't get a fee refund. Note that your whole answer sheet will be reviewed, even if you only think there was a mistake on one section. I'll explain why this is important next. When Should You Use Hand Score Verification? Because SAT Hand Score Verification costs quite a bit of money, and your score could potentially change for the worse, there are only a few specific situations where it's a good idea. Scenario #1: Your Overall Score Was Very Different from What You Expected If you ended up with consistently high scores on practice tests but you scored fairly low, you could have reason to question your results. You might have bubbled in an entire section incorrectly, or there might have been a mistake with the scanning. Score verification would fix both of these and raise your score. Scenario #2: You Missed Many Questions That You Would Normally Ace Look at your detailed score report to see which types of questions you missed on the test. The College Board splits questions up into easy, medium, and hard categories on the score report and tells you how many of each you got wrong within each section. If you find you missed a lot of easy questions in your strongest subject areas, there might have been a mistake in the scoring process. Scenario #3: Your Essay Is Blank or Unreadable in the Online Score Report This could indicate a scanning error (especially if you remember writing your essay in pen). In this case your essay will be rescored. Scenario #4: You Can't Find Answers with Other Means of Score Verification The College Board also offers Score Verification services in the form of the Student Answer Service and the Question-and-Answer Service. The Student Answer Service just provides you with the types of questions on your test; their levels of difficulty; and whether you answered correctly, incorrectly, or not at all. The Question-and-Answer Service provides you with a booklet copy of the questions on the test and your answers, the correct answers (including how the questions were scored), and information about the types and difficulty levels of all questions on the test. If your scores still don't make sense to you after wading through all this information, Hand Score Verification may be the way to go. That's deep, bro. When Should You NOT Use Hand Score Verification? In these situations, you should consider against SAT Score Verification, because it's unlikely toimprove your score. Scenario #1: Your Score Is Only Marginally Lower Than Expected Some students will freak out because they got a 700 instead of an 800 on one section of the SAT, thinking there must have been some sort of terrible mistake. I'd say that if your score is 0-100 points lower in a section that you expected it to be (or up to 300 points lower overall), you shouldn't order Hand Score Verification unless you look at your score report and the questions you got wrong make no sense to you at all. Hand Score Verification could actually hurt you in this situation because your scores might go down, and you would lose the $55 fee. Scenario #2: You Aren't Happy with Your Essay Score, but Your Essay Shows up Clearly in the Online Score Report Score Verification doesn’t involve the review or rescoring of essays that were scanned in properly. Even ifyou're convinced your essay was destined to be a defining literary classic for your generation and couldn't possibly have gotten the score it did, don't order Hand Score Verification in this situation. Scenario #3: You Didn’t Fill in Your Answer Sheet Properly Examples of this include circling bubbles instead of filling them in or making tiny unicorn drawings in the bubbles to indicate your answers. If this is the case your score won't be changed, but you might just get a magical imaginary 800 for creativity (not accepted by colleges). How Do You Order Score Verification? After reviewing the pros and cons of hand score verification, you might decide it's the right choicefor you. Here's a link to the form you need to fill out to order Hand Score Verification.You can request Hand Score Verification for up to five months after your original test date. As I mentioned in the first section, there is a fee of $55 for Hand Score Verification for either multiple choice or the essay. However, that fee can be reduced by half if you used a fee waiver to pay for SAT registration.If you have information that you think could affect the results of the verification process, you should report it to Customer Service (contact info listed on the form) at the same time that you submit the form. The exact check you will receive in the event of a fee refund for Hand Score Verification. A Final Word About Hand Score Verification If you aren’t 100% sure that you want to order Hand Score Verification, don’t do it until you have exhausted all other score verification measures. These include Student Question-and-Answer Services or Student Answer Services depending on when you took the SAT. If you order Hand Score Verification, you won't have access to the Student Answer Service or Question-and-Answer Service for your hand scored answer sheet. You also won't see the full online score report for this new round of scoring. This time you'll only receive your score report in the mail, just like teenage cavemen did when they took their first SATs. Hand Score Verification is the most rigorous score verification process the College Board offers, so there are no score appeals beyond it.Once Hand Score Verification results are reported, they are final for that version of the test. Don't worry though, you can still take the SAT again if you are unhappy with your results. You should get a letter back within five weeks with your new scores and, depending on whether there was an irregularity in the scanning and scoring process, cold hard cash in the form of a fee refund. Well, it'll probably be a check, but you get the idea. What's Next? If you're reading this article, chances are you're not too happy with your score. We're here to help. Read our in depth guides on earning a perfect score on the SAT, along with strategy guides for reading, math, and writing. Maybe you don't need to aim as high as you think. To come up with the ideal target score for you, and you alone, this article will help you figure out what you should be aiming for based on your top choice schools. If you're unhappy with your score, you can still take the test again! Check out our article onhow many times you should take the SAT. You can also take a look at test dates for2016-2017. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Sartre's No Exit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sartre's No Exit - Essay Example Although taken as a quasi strategy for the Existentialist movement, the transcription of this lecture was the only pamphlet that Sartre amenably regretted seeing in print. Yet, it continues to be the foremost introduction to his philosophy to the general public. One reason both for its fame and his discomfort is the precision with which it displays the cardinal doctrines of existentialist thought while enlightening Sartre's attempt to widen its social application in reaction to his Catholic and Communist criticism - it offers us a sight of Sartre's thought â€Å"on the wing.† In his play ‘No Exit’, he is determined to prove his famous argument; â€Å"hell is other people† and perception that there is no God is widely unleashed. He wants the reader to catch his philosophical perspective of belief and reason. No Exit, the Jean- Paul Sartre’s play, coined the famous slogan â€Å"Hell is other people!† Anybody may wonder on hearing such a harsh de claration, if this is a portrayal of manhood or just a portrayal of certain categories of individuals who make life more problematic than it ought to be. Sartre's unique vision on hell takes us to an isolated hotel located in an extremely hot place with numerous rooms to be occupied that are better referred to as the damned (Contat 33). This particular play involves majorly three people who died and went to their eternal destination, the Hell. They are three rather selfish and depraved individuals, seeing them in one light. Contrariwise, you can say they are three delicate souls desperately in need of something. However, they have no ability to offer of themselves. Like vampires imbibing the best of all mankind, wanting to be satisfied, yet unwilling to care for anybody, but only themselves. Our first character to meet is a journalist who owns what he calls pacifist newspaper by the name Joseph Garcin. He was shot during the Second World War, although he had deserted his position an d fled to Mexico. He is constantly trying to escape from Gomez judgment and others who think he is a coward because he fled in war time. His paramount accuser is himself, the only person he could never escape. Joseph was also a drunk and an adulterer. He deliberately cheated on his wife habitually; even making poor women to serve coffee to his mistresses and him. He was so heartless that he did not care how much he caused his poor wife pain. She died of a broken heart soon after him. Next we have Serrano Inez who is a self declared sinner and foul to the ground. She describes the nadirs of her immorality in the following declaration: â€Å"When I say I am cruel, I imply I can not get on devoid of making people suffer. Just like a live coal – a live coal in others’ people hearts. When In am alone I sparkle out† (Hudson 78). Despite her unkind nature, Inez has a virtue; she calls them by way of seeing them. Inez is similar to a vampire because she lives for her bo dily desire. She was a lesbian and guilty of ending a marriage and spinning a wife against her spouse. She made that woman her love, and together, they collaborated and killed the husband of her lover. She can look at her wickedness, and accept it as a portion of who she is. Inez consents being in hell and she does not anticipate anything enhanced. In hell, she lusts for

American Popular Culture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Popular Culture - Assignment Example Like in case of Star Trek (Put Locker 0:10), this fictional film gives visual as well as audio information about the story. The advent of movies and television has enabled knowing what is happening around us and in the whole world. The use of visual images in movies and television provides additional information not readily available through reading or listening to radio. Television and movies also brought new ways to understand surrounding environment and society (Kellner 1). Visual images from movies or television are good learning tools to some scholars Reading culture in America has reduced to some extent due to influence of television ad movies. Acquiring similar information such as those in novels is now possible through watching an entertaining movie. In the movies, stars usually portray a culture that we unconsciously follow and start practicing (Media Literacy Project 2). In music videos, a dance style by a musician such as Michael Jackson’s break dance has influenced the current dancing styles. Considering for example Jackson’s music video of Moonwalk (Slake 2:00) has been copied unconsciously by most individuals not only in US but also in other parts of the world. Listening to radio provided information about news or music but left room for imagination of how the environment and events taking place. Using visual images on television news provide the information of the scene and make one unconsciously think that they are in the same scene. This has in turn reduces the number of people listening to radio to get informed. After watching, the conversation also differs compared to those who previously listened due to involvement of visual information about the scene and characters involved. Dressing cord and hairstyles has changed over time depending on influence of the images on television and characters that movie